How to Teach Fractions to Kids

"Why can't we just use regular numbers?" If you've heard this from your child, you're not alone. Fractions are where many kids first hit a wall in math. But here's the thing: with the right approach, fractions can actually be engaging.

Start with "Why" Before "How" 🤔

Before diving into numerators and denominators, help your child understand why fractions exist. Use real examples they already know:

• "Remember when we split that pizza? You got half, your sister got half."
• "What if there's only one cookie left and three people want some?"
• "Why does the recipe say '1/2 cup' instead of a whole number?"

Fractions are about fair sharing and precise measurement. Once kids get the "why," the "how" makes more sense.

Use Physical Objects First 🍕

Abstract concepts need concrete foundations. Before showing fraction symbols, let kids physically manipulate things:

• Food — Pizza slices, chocolate bars, oranges (nature's pre-sectioned fractions!)
• Paper folding — Fold paper in halves, then fourths, then eighths
• LEGO — A 2x4 brick can be covered by two 2x2 bricks—that's halves!
• Measuring cups — Baking is basically fraction practice in disguise

The Language Matters 📝

Many kids struggle because fraction terminology is confusing. Be explicit:

• Denominator — "How many equal pieces we cut the whole into" (the Down number)
• Numerator — "How many pieces we're talking about" (the Number on top)
• Equivalent — "Different ways to write the same amount" (1/2 = 2/4 = 4/8)

Use these terms consistently. Repetition builds familiarity.

Common Mistakes to Avoid ⚠️

Parents often accidentally teach misconceptions:

• ❌ "The bigger bottom number means bigger fraction" — 1/8 is smaller than 1/4, even though 8 > 4
• ❌ Skipping fraction comparison — Before operations, kids need to understand which fraction is larger
• ❌ Rushing to operations — Adding fractions before understanding what they represent

The Progression That Works 📈

Follow this sequence for smooth learning:

1. Naming fractions — "This is three-fourths"
2. Comparing fractions — "Which is bigger: 1/3 or 1/4?"
3. Equivalent fractions — "1/2 and 2/4 are the same amount"
4. Adding/subtracting with same denominator — "1/4 + 2/4 = 3/4"
5. Different denominators — "1/3 + 1/4 = ?" (find common denominator)
6. Multiplying/dividing — Usually 5th grade and beyond

When to Get Extra Help

If your child is still struggling after consistent practice, it might not be fractions specifically—it could be underlying gaps in multiplication or division. Sometimes going back to basics is the fastest way forward.

Written by the PanMaths Team • Your Math Learning Companion